Nanotechnology

Nanomanufacturing

Definition

Nanomanufacturing comprises manufacturing processes to build structures and functionality at the nanoscale. Nanomanufacturing interfaces with the fabrication of nanomaterials themselves (see below). Nanomanufacturing also involves the characterisation and (theoretical) design of materials, combined with the tools/methods to make or grow nanomaterials. Computational methods are used for this purpose. Nanomanufacturing also includes the integration of nanodevices in products, including scaling up from the manufacture of a single device to large numbers. Finally, applying nanocoatings to large surfaces (deposition technology) is an important challenge in the production of wafers and solar panels, among others. An issue that requires attention during Nanomanufacturing is pollution control. All aspects of nanotechnology (and quantum technology) can be disrupted by the presence of nanoparticles or layers of contamination as thin as a few atomic layers. These disruptions must be prevented or removed. This requires knowledge of origin, transport, detection, and removal of these contaminants.

Keywords (selection)

Nanofabrication, Nanomaterial, Biomaterial, Nanoelectronics, Nanolithography, Selfassembly, Nano metrology and inspection, Materials by design, bio-nano devices for
healthcare, defectivity, Contamination control, Deposition and coating technologies,
Nanoscopy, Nano characterization, Nano inspection.

Nanomaterials

Definition

Nanomaterials are chemical substances or materials that consist of very small particles of different shapes and sizes (< 100nm, as well as 2D materials). They occur in nature, can be an incidental product of human activity (e.g. welding fumes) or can be deliberately manufactured and manipulated to exhibit new characteristics or give a specific structure to surfaces. Examples include greater strength, chemical reactivity, or conductivity compared to the same material without nanoscale features. The production of such materials and nanostructured surfaces requires instruments and methods to create or grow them and to inspect and characterize the result at the nanoscale (see also Nanomanufacturing). Computational methods are increasingly being used when developing new Nanomaterials, for example for 'materials by design', in which the desired properties of the Nanomaterials form the starting point.

Keywords (selection)

2D materials, Nano-coatings, Nanostructured (functional) surfaces, Nanoparticles,
Nanotube, Nanosheets, Nanofluids, Nanorods, Nanofibers, Quantum dots, Electromagnetic functionality (quantum materials), Nanocomposites, Nanocrystalline
materials, Nanostructured films, Membranes, Bio-nano materials, Computational
materials synthesis, High entropy alloys, Designer materials, Materials by design,
Nanoscale meta-materials, Nano materials for neuromorphics, Nanotribological
coating and structures, Colloids.

Functional devices and structures
(on nanoscale)

Definition

Functional devices and structures (on the nanoscale) involve combining and integrating electronic, magnetic, nano-mechanical, optical, bio or quantum principles in(to) components or devices that can manipulate matter on an atomic or molecular scale. The nanodimensions and material properties enable complex circuits and arrays.

Keywords (selection)

Nanoelectronics, Spintronics, Nano-photonics, Nanoelectromechanical devices, Quantum-nanodevices, Semiconductor devices, Logic devices, Microelectronics, Micro- and nano mechanics, Molecular motors, Transistors, Nanoelectromechanical oscillators, Nanolithography, Neuromorphic nanodevices, Nanotribological coatings and structures.

Micro- and nanofluidics

Definition

Micro- and nanofluidics comprise the technologies for studying, observing and monitoring the transport and reaction of fluids in micro- or nanometre-scale structures. Fluids in these structures behave differently from those in macrostructures.

Keywords (selection)

Nanofluidics Chips, Lab on a Chip, Organ-on-a-chip, Point-of-care bioanalysis,
Nanofluidic devices, Bio-MEMS, Biosensors, Nanochannels, Nanoreactors, In-chip
Nanocooling, Nanolithography.

Nanobiotechnology/
Bionanotechnology

Definition

Nanobiotechnology/Bio-nanotechnology comprises the application of nanotechnology to studying life at the nanoscale to gain insights into, for example, cells and viruses. Those insights are important in, inter alia, medical applications, sensors, life-inspired materials, synthetic cells. Bio-nanotechnology is the application of molecular biology to nanotechnology where materials and devices are manufactured at the nanoscale.

Keywords (selection)

Drug Delivery, Tissue Engineering, Biocompatibility, Biosensors, Nanobiotechnology,
Protein, Nanoscale, Nanoparticle, Nanomaterial, Biosensing, Cellular Biophysics,
Biophysical Processes, Molecular biophysics, Nanoscale biomimicry, Biomimetic
antibacterial surfaces, Biomolecule characterization, Vaccine technology, Synthetic
cell technology, Artificial meat.